וַיַּרְא הָעָם כִּי בֹשֵׁשׁ מֹשֶׁה (שמות לב, א). בָּא שֵׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת. נִתְכַּנְּסוּ אַרְבָּעִים אֶלֶף שֶׁעָלוּ עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל וּשְׁנֵי חַרְטֻמֵּי מִצְרַיִם עִמָּהֶם, וּשְׁמוֹתָם יוּנוּס וְיוֹמְבְּרוּס, שֶׁהָיוּ עוֹשִׂין לִפְנֵי פַּרְעֹה כָּל אוֹתָם כְּשָׁפִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁכָּתוּב: וַיַּעֲשׂוּ גַם הֵם חַרְטֻמֵּי מִצְרַיִם בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶם (שמות ז, יא). וְנִקְהֲלוּ כֻּלָּם עַל אַהֲרֹן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקָּהֵל הָעָם עַל אַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמְרוּ וְגוֹ', שֶׁמֹּשֶׁה שׁוּב אֵינוֹ יוֹרֵד כְּבָר. And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down (Exod. 32:1). The word boshesh (“delayed”) indicates that it was the sixth hour of the day. Forty thousand people had assembled to leave Egypt with the Israelites, and among them were two Egyptians named Jannes and Jambres, who had performed magical feats for Pharaoh, as it is written: And the magicians of Egypt in like manner with their arts (Exod. 7:22). All of them gathered about Aaron, as is said: And the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron and said (ibid. 32:11).
וְאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם יוֹם אַרְבָּעִים הָיָה בְּשֵׁשׁ שָׁעוֹת בַּיּוֹם. אָמְרוּ לָהֶם אַהֲרֹן וְחוּר: עַכְשָׁו יוֹרֵד מִן הָהָר, לֹא הִשְׁגִּיחוּ. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: שֶׁעָמַד שָׂטָן וְהֶרְאָה לָהֶם דְּמוּת מִטָּתוֹ מִן הָהָר, מִמַּה שֶּׁאָמְרוּ: כִּי זֶה מֹשֶׁה הָאִישׁ. מִיָּד עָמַד חוּר וְגָעַר בָּהֶם. עָמְדוּ עָלָיו וַהֲרָגוּהוּ. כְּשֶׁרָאָה אַהֲרֹן כָּךְ, נִתְיָרֵא וְהִתְחִיל מַעֲסִיקָן בִּדְבָרִים, וְהֵם אוֹמְרִים לוֹ: קוּם עֲשֵׂה לָנוּ אֱלֹהִים. וְהַכֹּל גָּלוּי לִפְנֵי מִי שֶׁאָמַר וְהָיָה הָעוֹלָם מַה הֵם מְבַקְּשִׁים. When Moses failed to return by the fortieth day and the sixth hour of that day, Aaron and Hur told them: “He is now descending the mountain,” (but) they did not pay attention. Some say that Satan arose and showed them the likeness of his bier on the mountain, and that is why they said: For this man Moses (ibid., v. 1).29They believed that he was dead and that it was pointless to wait. Then Hur stepped forward and rebuked them. Forthwith they turned against him and slew him. When Aaron witnessed this he became terrified and sought to occupy them with other matters. But they cried out: Up, make us a god (ibid.). All that they demanded was known to the Holy One Who Spoke and the World Came into Being.
אָמַר לָהֶם אַהֲרֹן: פָּרְקוּ נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵי נְשֵׁיכֶם. אָמַר אַהֲרֹן לָהֶם דָּבָר קָשֶׁה, שֶׁהַנָּשִׁים מִתְעַכְּבוֹת בּוֹ, שֶׁהֵם רָאוּ כָּל הַנִּסִּים וְהַגְּבוּרוֹת שֶׁעָשָׂה הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא בְּמִצְרַיִם וּבַיָּם וּבְסִינַי. הָלְכוּ אֵצֶל הַנָּשִׁים. עָמְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם וְאָמְרוּ: חַס וְשָׁלוֹם שֶׁנִּכְפֹּר בְּהַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא שֶׁעָשָׂה לָנוּ כָּל הַנִּסִּים וּגְבוּרוֹת הָאֵלּוּ וְנַעֲשֶׂה עֲבוֹדָה זָרָה. כֵּיוָן שֶׁלֹּא שָׁמְעוּ לָהֶם, מַה כְּתִיב שָׁם: וַיִּתְפָּרְקוּ כָּל הָעָם אֶת נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב. אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵי נְשֵׁיהֶם לֹא נֶאֱמַר, אֶלָּא אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם. Aaron said unto them: Break off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives (ibid., v. 2). Aaron told them to do this difficult thing because (he was aware that) the women would not agree to it. They had seen the miracles and the deeds that the Holy One, blessed be He, had wrought for them in Egypt, and what had transpired at the Red Sea and at Sinai, and so they went to the men and said: God forbid that we should renounce the Holy One, blessed be He, who has performed all these miracles and mighty deeds in our behalf, in order to fashion an idol. The men, however, refused to listen to them: And all the people broke off the golden rings which were in their ears (ibid., v. 3). It does not say “in their wives’ ears” but rather in their ears.
אָמַר רַבִּי יִרְמְיָה: כְּשֶׁהֵבִיאוּ הַנְּזָמִים, תָּלָה אַהֲרֹן עֵינָיו לַשָּׁמַיִם וְאָמַר: אֵלֶיךָ נָשָׂאתִי אֶת עֵינַי הַיּשְׁבִי בַּשָּׁמָיִם (תהלים קכג, א), אַתָּה יוֹדֵעַ אֶת כָּל הַמַּחֲשָׁבוֹת, שֶׁבְּעַל כָּרְחִי אֲנִי עוֹשֶׂה. הִשְׁלִיךְ לָאֵשׁ וּבָאוּ הַחַרְטֻמִּים וְעָשׂוּ בְּחַרְטֻמֵּיהֶם. וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים: שֶׁמִּיכָה הָיָה שֶׁנִּתְמַכְמֵךְ בַּבִּנְיָן, מַה שֶּׁהִצִּיל מֹשֶׁה מִן הַלְּבֵנִים. נָטַל הַלּוּחַ שֶׁכָּתַב עָלָיו מֹשֶׁה, עֲלֵה שׁוֹר, כְּשֶׁהֶעֱלָה אֲרוֹנוֹ שֶׁל יוֹסֵף. הִשְׁלִיכוֹ לְתוֹךְ הַכּוּר בֵּין הַנְּזָמִים, וְיָצָא הָעֵגֶל גּוֹעֶה כְּשֶׁהוּא מְקַרְטֵעַ. הִתְחִילוּ אוֹמְרִים: אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל. פָּתְחוּ מַלְאֲכֵי הַשָּׁרֵת וְאָמְרוּ: שָׁכְחוּ אֵל מוֹשִׁיעָם עֹשֶׂה גְדֹלוֹת בְּמִצְרָיִם (תהלים קו, כא). R. Jeremiah maintained that when they brought their earrings to him, Aaron raised his eyes heavenward and declared: Unto Thee I lift mine eyes, O thou that art enthroned in the heavens (Ps. 123:1). You who know all thoughts are aware that I do this unwillingly. He tossed their earrings into the fire, and the magicians approached and performed magical feats. Some say that Micah ground the bricks that Moses had saved into the mixture, and that he took the tablet which Moses had written upon when he raised Joseph’s coffin out of the Nile and cast them into the smelting furnace amidst the earrings. Then the calf came forth leaping. As it leaped about, the people began to cry out: This is thy god, O Israel. The guardian angels then began to proclaim: They forgot God, their savior, who had done great things in Egypt (Ps. 106:21).
מֶה עָשָׂה אַהֲרֹן? אָמַר יִדָּחֶה הַדָּבָר עַד לְמָחָר, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַיִּקְרָא אַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמַר חַג לַה' מָחָר. וְרוּחַ הַקֹּדֶשׁ צוֹוַחַת, מִהֲרוּ שָׁכְחוּ מַעֲשָׂיו (תהלים קו, יב). אָמַר הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא: בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה, עַל יְדֵי יֵצֶר הָרָע חֲטָאתֶם. לֶעָתִיד, אֲנִי עוֹקְרוֹ מִכֶּם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וַהֲסִרֹתִי אֶת לֵב הָאֶבֶן מִבְּשַׂרְכֶם (יחזקאל לו, כו). What did Aaron do then? He said: Let the celebration be delayed until tomorrow, as it is said: And Aaron made proclamation and said: “Tomorrow shall be a feast to the Lord” (Exod. 32:5). Whereupon the Holy Spirit called out: Hasten, descend, they have forgotten what I did for them. The Holy One, blessed be He, said: In this world they have sinned because of the evil inclination within them, but in the time-to-come I will remove it from them, as is said: And I will take away the strong heart of your flesh (Exod. 36:26).